関係 と同値関係 -基本演習
Relations and equivalence relations 同値関係 どうちかんけい - basic exercises
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/関係の基本-講義.n.md
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/関係の合成と閉包-講義.n.md
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/同値関係と分割-講義.n.md
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/商集合と自然な射影-講義.n.md
1演習 えんしゅう 方針 ほうしん
1Exercise method
For a
2問題 もんだい 1
2Problem 1
For the
2.1解答 かいとう
がすべて
2.1Answer
The pairs are all included, so is
2.2解説 かいせつ
2.2Explanation
For
2.3よくある誤 あやま り
だけを
2.3Common mistake
A common mistake is to check only and conclude reflexivity. Reflexivity requires all self-pairs.
3問題 もんだい 2
3Problem 2
Find the
3.1解答 かいとう
かつ なので、
3.1Answer
Because and ,
3.2解説 かいせつ
3.2Explanation
The
3.3よくある誤 あやま り
3.3Common mistake
A common mistake is to confuse it with the
4問題 もんだい 3
4Problem 3
On , define to mean that is divisible by . Prove that this is an
4.1解答 かいとう
4.1Answer
4.2解説 かいせつ
4.2Explanation
An
4.3よくある誤 あやま り
4.3Common mistake
A common mistake is to rely only on the intuition of "even or odd" without verifying the three defining conditions.
5問題 もんだい 4
5Problem 4
For the
5.1解答 かいとう
5.1Answer
The integers split into the
5.2解説 かいせつ
5.2Explanation
The
5.3よくある誤 あやま り
と
5.3Common mistake
A common mistake is to write and confuse representatives with equivalence classes.
6問題 もんだい 5
を
6Problem 5
Let be the natural projection for the
6.1解答 かいとう
、 である。 は 2 の
6.1Answer
We have and . Since is divisible by , . Hence and .
6.2解説 かいせつ
6.2Explanation
The
6.3よくある誤 あやま り
だから と
6.3Common mistake
A common mistake is to decide that because . In a
7関連 かんれん リンク
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/関係の基本-講義.n.md
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/関係の合成と閉包-講義.n.md
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/同値関係と分割-講義.n.md
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/商集合と自然な射影-講義.n.md
7Related links
data/lecture/math/discrete-math/関係の基本-講義.n.md data/lecture/math/discrete-math/関係の合成と閉包-講義.n.md data/lecture/math/discrete-math/同値関係と分割-講義.n.md data/lecture/math/discrete-math/商集合と自然な射影-講義.n.md8証明 しょうめい 演習 えんしゅう :同値関係 どうちかんけい から分割 ぶんかつ を作 つく る
8Proof exercise: constructing a partition from an equivalence relation
8.1問題 もんだい
を
8.1Problem
Let be an
8.2解答 かいとう
つぎに とする。 を
8.2Answer
By
Next suppose . Take . Then and . By
8.3解説 かいせつ
8.3Explanation
The three conditions of an equivalence relation guarantee the partition properties. Reflexivity puts each element into its own class, while symmetry and transitivity force intersecting classes to coincide.