群作用 と軌道固定部分群定理 基本 演習
group actions and the orbit-stabilizer theorem 軌道固定部分群定理 きどうこていぶぶんぐんていり : basic exercises
1対応 たいおう する講義 こうぎ
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/group-actions-and-symmetry.lecture.n.md
1Corresponding lecture
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/group-actions-and-symmetry.lecture.n.md2問題 もんだい 1:左正則作用 ひだりせいそくさよう
2Problem 1: the left regular action
For a group , define . Prove that this is an action of on itself, and find the orbit and stabilizer of .
2.1解答 かいとう
であり、 なので
2.1Answer
We have and , so the action axioms hold. Every can be written as , so the orbit is all of . If , right cancellation gives , so the stabilizer is .
3問題 もんだい 2:正三角形 せいさんかくけい の頂点 ちょうてん
3Problem 2: vertices of an equilateral triangle
The six symmetries of an equilateral triangle act on its three vertices. Find the sizes of the orbit and stabilizer of a vertex , and verify the orbit-stabilizer theorem.
3.1解答 かいとう
となる。
3.1Answer
Every vertex is reachable, so . The identity and the reflection across the axis through fix the vertex, so . Therefore
4問題 もんだい 3:作用 さよう の核 かく と固定部分群 こていぶぶんぐん
を
4Problem 3: kernel of an action and stabilizers
For the homomorphism associated with an action, prove
Then explain why the action on the vertices of an equilateral triangle has although .
4.1解答 かいとう
であることは が
4.1Answer
An element lies in exactly when is the identity map, equivalently when for every . This is exactly the condition that lie in every .
For the triangle, only the identity fixes all three vertices, so the kernel is trivial. A reflection through the axis containing one chosen vertex also fixes that vertex, so its stabilizer has two elements.