整域 ・体 ・有限体 基本 演習
integral domains , fields 体 たい , and finite fields 有限体 ゆうげんたい : basic exercises
1対応 たいおう する講義 こうぎ
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/integral-domains-zero-divisors-and-polynomial-rings.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/field-basics.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/introduction-to-finite-fields.lecture.n.md
1Corresponding lectures
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/integral-domains-zero-divisors-and-polynomial-rings.lecture.n.md data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/field-basics.lecture.n.md data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/introduction-to-finite-fields.lecture.n.md2取 と り組 く む順序 じゅんじょ
「
2Suggested order
After “Integral domains, zero divisors, and polynomial rings,” complete Problems 1 and 4. After “Field basics,” continue with Problems 2–3 and the proof exercise. After “Introduction to finite fields,” complete Problem 5. Although the proof exercise appears after Problem 5 on this page, it does not depend on Problem 5. The page prerequisites describe what is needed to complete the whole page.
3関連 かんれん 演習 えんしゅう
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/equivalence-relations-and-congruences.exercise.n.md
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/rings-ideals-and-quotient-rings.exercise.n.md
3Related exercises
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/equivalence-relations-and-congruences.exercise.n.md data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/rings-ideals-and-quotient-rings.exercise.n.md4問題 もんだい 1:零因子 れいいんし を見 み つける
で
4Problem 1: find a zero divisor 零因子 れいいんし
Find one
4.1解答 かいとう
は
であり、、 である。
4.1Answer
is a
and , .
4.2解説 かいせつ
4.2Explanation
A
5問題 もんだい 2:体 たい field か判定 はんてい する
は
5Problem 2: decide whether it is a field 体 たい
Is a
5.1解答 かいとう
となる。したがって
5.1Answer
Yes. Since 7 is prime, for every nonzero we have . By the
Therefore, in residue classes, , so a
5.2解説 かいせつ
が
5.2Explanation
The ring is a
6問題 もんだい 3:体 たい field でない例 れい を説明 せつめい する
が
6Problem 3: explain a non-field 体 たい example
Explain why is not a
6.1解答 かいとう
だが、
である。したがって
6.1Answer
Although ,
Thus there is a
6.2解説 かいせつ
となり、しかも 、 である。したがって
6.2Explanation
A
while and . Thus, in a residue ring modulo a composite number,
7問題 もんだい 4:多項式 たこうしき の積 せき と次数 じすう
、 を の
7Problem 4: products and degrees of polynomials
Let and be elements of . Compute , find its leading coefficient and degree, and verify .
7.1解答 かいとう
である。
を
7.1Answer
The leading coefficient is 6 and the degree is 3. Since and ,
7.2解説 かいせつ
は
7.2Explanation
Because is an integral domain, the product 6 of the nonzero leading coefficients 2 and 3 is nonzero. This prevents the highest-degree term of the product from disappearing.
8問題 もんだい 5:4 元 げん の有限体 ゆうげんたい
とし、 と
8Problem 5: the four-element finite field
Let and write . Using and , complete the multiplication table for the nonzero elements . Then read the multiplicative inverse of each element from the table.
8.1解答 かいとう
および
である。ここで
となる。
である。
8.1Answer
Multiplication by the identity leaves every element unchanged. The remaining products are
Also,
where we used and in characteristic 2. Together with commutativity, these calculations give
In each row, the column whose product is gives the inverse. Therefore
8.2解説 かいせつ
では だが、 の 0 でない
8.2Explanation
In , , whereas every nonzero element of has an inverse. Thus the number of elements alone does not determine whether a ring is a field.
9証明 しょうめい 演習 えんしゅう :有限整域 ゆうげんせいいき が体 たい field になること
9Proof exercise: every finite integral domain 整域 せいいき is a field 体 たい
9.1問題 もんだい
9.1Problem
Prove that a finite
9.2解答 かいとう
、 を
は
9.2Answer
Take with . Define the map by . If , then . Since is an
Because is finite, every
9.3解説 かいせつ
9.3Explanation
Finiteness is used to derive surjectivity from injectivity. In an infinite
For a finite set, injectivity means that the image has the same number of elements as the input. Since the input and target are the same finite set here, the image must be the whole target, so the map is surjective.