第一同型定理 の見取 り図
この
Overview of the first isomorphism theorem
The central idea of the
This viewpoint is common to
Linear algebra is included only as an analogy. The proofs on this page use only kernels, images, and quotients already introduced for groups and rings.
1第一同型定理 だいいちどうけいていり の形 かたち
が
が
1Form of the first isomorphism 同型 どうけい theorem
For a
holds.
For a
The formula has the same shape. The difference is that in group theory the
2何故 なぜ そうなるか
である。したがって、
という
へ
である。したがって、
2Why this happens
For a group homomorphism ,
Thus two elements have the same image exactly when they lie in the same left coset . Therefore the map sending the
to
is independent of the choice of representative.
For a ring homomorphism ,
Thus two elements have the same image exactly when they lie in the same additive coset . Therefore is also independent of the choice of representative.
3線型代数 せんけいだいすう との対応 たいおう
であり、
である。
この
3Correspondence with linear algebra
For a linear map , the
and the
Collapsing the
This correspondence is only a preview; the first isomorphism theorem is not being proved by using theorems about linear maps.
4何 なに が変 か わり、何 なに が保存 ほぞん されるか
4What changes and what is preserved
In the first isomorphism theorem, differences inside the
5証明 しょうめい 補足 ほそく :第一同型定理 だいいちどうけいていり の証明 しょうめい
を
を
まず
を
であり、 だから である。
つぎに は
である。
よって は
を
であり、 は well-defined である。
なので、 は
を
5Proof supplement: proof 証明 しょうめい of the first isomorphism 同型 どうけい theorem
Let be a
We first prove the group case and then prove the ring case.
The kernel of a group homomorphism is a normal subgroup, so is defined as a quotient group.
Define the map
First show that it is well-defined. If , then . Hence
and , so .
Next, is a
Surjectivity follows from the
Thus is an
Next let be a ring homomorphism. Its kernel is an ideal of , so is defined as a quotient ring. Consider
If , then , so
Thus is well-defined. By the definitions of addition and multiplication on residue classes,
so is a ring homomorphism. Surjectivity follows from the definition of the image. If , then , so and hence . Thus is injective, and
Both proofs express the same structure: after collapsing the kernel and then mapping, exactly the image remains.
6演習 えんしゅう リンク
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/homomorphisms-and-isomorphisms.exercise.n.md
6Exercise link
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/homomorphisms-and-isomorphisms.exercise.n.md7まとめ
7Summary
The first