準同型 と同型 基本 演習
homomorphisms and isomorphisms 同型 どうけい : basic exercises
1対応 たいおう する講義 こうぎ
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/group-homomorphisms-and-isomorphisms.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/homomorphism-basics.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/homomorphism-theorems-overview.lecture.n.md
1Corresponding lectures
data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/group-homomorphisms-and-isomorphisms.lecture.n.md data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/homomorphism-basics.lecture.n.md data/lecture/math/abstract-algebra/homomorphism-theorems-overview.lecture.n.md2関連 かんれん 演習 えんしゅう
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/groups-and-subgroups.exercise.n.md
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/cosets-normal-subgroups-and-quotient-groups.exercise.n.md
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/rings-ideals-and-quotient-rings.exercise.n.md
2Related exercises
data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/groups-and-subgroups.exercise.n.md data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/cosets-normal-subgroups-and-quotient-groups.exercise.n.md data/exercise/math/abstract-algebra/rings-ideals-and-quotient-rings.exercise.n.md3順序 じゅんじょ 上 じょう の注意 ちゅうい
3Order note
Problems 1 and 2 can be attempted after "Group homomorphisms and isomorphisms." Problem 4 follows "Basics of homomorphisms," and Problem 3 follows "Overview of the first isomorphism theorem." The proof exercise uses the subgroup criterion and normal subgroups introduced earlier.
4問題 もんだい 1:群準同型 ぐんじゅんどうけい group homomorphism を確認 かくにん する
を で
4Problem 1: check a group homomorphism 群準同型 ぐんじゅんどうけい
Define by . Is this a
4.1解答 かいとう
だからである。
4.1Answer
Yes. For any integers ,
4.2解説 かいせつ
4.2Explanation
For a
5問題 もんだい 2:核 かく kernel を求 もと める
5Problem 2: find the kernel 核 かく
Find the
5.1解答 かいとう
である。
5.1Answer
The
5.2解説 かいせつ
5.2Explanation
The
6問題 もんだい 3:第一同型定理 だいいちどうけいていり を使 つか う
を
の
6Problem 3: apply the first isomorphism 同型 どうけい theorem
Equip the Cartesian product with componentwise addition:
This makes the product a group. For the group homomorphism
find its kernel and image, and state the isomorphism supplied by the first isomorphism theorem.
6.1解答 かいとう
となるのは 6 と 4 がともに を
である。したがって は
を
6.1Answer
The equality holds exactly when both 6 and 4 divide . Thus
The image is the cyclic subgroup generated by . For integers ,
Thus are distinct, and every equals one of them. Hence the image has exactly 12 elements. The first isomorphism theorem therefore gives
6.2解説 かいせつ
6.2Explanation
The codomain has 24 elements, but the image contains only 12. This example makes explicit that quotienting by the kernel produces the image, not necessarily the entire codomain.
7問題 もんだい 4:環準同型 かんじゅんどうけい の核 かく と像 ぞう
が
7Problem 4: kernel and image of a ring homomorphism
Show that
is a ring homomorphism, and find its kernel and image.
7.1解答 かいとう
なので、 は
である。また、
である。
7.1Answer
For all ,
so is a ring homomorphism. The condition says exactly that the constant term of is 0, in which case . Therefore
Every is the image of the constant polynomial , so
7.2解説 かいせつ
7.2Explanation
An evaluation map carries polynomial operations to operations on values. Its kernel is the set of polynomials having 0 as a root, providing a concrete example of a ring-homomorphism kernel that is an ideal.
8証明 しょうめい 演習 えんしゅう :核 かく kernel と単射 たんしゃ injection の関係 かんけい
8Proof exercise: the relation between kernel 核 かく and injectivity
8.1問題 もんだい
を
8.1Problem
Let be a
8.2解答 かいとう
なので であり、
なので であり、
なので
が
8.2Answer
Since , we have , so the kernel is nonempty. If , then
so . By the subgroup criterion, the kernel is a subgroup. Also, for and ,
so the
If is injective and , then implies . Hence . Conversely, suppose and . Then , so . Hence .
8.3解説 かいせつ
8.3Explanation
The