微分法 の基本
1導入
この
2学習 の順序
差商 の極限 が存在 する各点 で を微分係数 定義 し、これらの点 の集合 を定義域 とする を導関数 構成 する。内点 における を、微分可能性 左右 の差商 の極限 が一致 することと、近似誤差 が 、すなわち を満 たすことという 2 つの同値 な観点 から特徴付 ける。 により、局所線型近似 曲線 を近 くで直線 へ置 き換 える。 を、微分公式 和 、積 、商 、 の合成関数 構造 に応 じて選択 する。
3変化 するものと維持 される解釈
4関連 リンク
data/lecture/math/calculus/derivative-definition-and-difference-quotients.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/calculus/local-linear-approximation-and-differentiability.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/calculus/differentiation-rules-and-computation.lecture.n.md
5演習 リンク
data/exercise/math/calculus/derivative-definition-and-difference-quotients.exercise.n.md
data/exercise/math/calculus/local-linear-approximation-and-differentiability.exercise.n.md
data/exercise/math/calculus/differentiation-rules-and-structure-recognition.exercise.n.md
Foundations of Differential Calculus
1Introduction
This lecture presents differentiation in three stages: defining rates of change through difference quotients, interpreting differentiation as local linear approximation, and computing derivatives through differentiation rules.
2Learning Sequence
- At each point where the difference-quotient limit exists, define the derivative at that point, and form the derivative function whose domain is the set of those points.
- At an interior point, characterize differentiability from two equivalent perspectives: equality of the left and right limits of the difference quotient, and a local linear approximation whose remainder satisfies , meaning .
- Use local linear approximation to replace a curve near a reference point by a line.
- Select differentiation rules according to the additive, multiplicative, quotient, or composite structure of the function.
3Quantities That Change and Interpretations That Are Retained
| Perspective | Change | Interpretation retained |
|---|---|---|
| Difference quotient | When the limit exists, an average rate of change between two points tends to an instantaneous rate at one point | At a differentiability point, the limit of the difference quotient gives the slope of the tangent line |
| Local linear approximation | A curve is approximated by a line | The value and slope at the reference point |
| Differentiation rules | A function expression is processed by decomposing its additive, product, quotient, and composite structure | The interpretation grounded in the definition of the derivative |