積分法 の基本
1導入
この
2学習 の順序
リーマン で和 を定積分 定義 する。定積分 が を符号付 き面積 表 すことを確認 し、常 に非負 である幾何学的面積 と区別 する。区間 上 で、1 つの と、それに原始関数 任意定数 を加 えて得 られる を不定積分 区別 する。 で微分積分学 の基本定理 累積 と微分 を接続 する。 と置換積分 で部分積分 計算 する。
32 つの積分 の役割
| 1 つの | |||
| を |
4関連 リンク
data/lecture/math/calculus/integral-definition-riemann-sums-and-signed-area.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/calculus/antiderivatives-and-indefinite-integrals.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/calculus/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus.lecture.n.md
data/lecture/math/calculus/integration-rules-and-computation.lecture.n.md
5演習 リンク
data/exercise/math/calculus/riemann-sums-and-definite-integrals.exercise.n.md
data/exercise/math/calculus/antiderivatives-and-indefinite-integrals.exercise.n.md
data/exercise/math/calculus/fundamental-theorem-of-calculus.exercise.n.md
data/exercise/math/calculus/substitution-and-integration-by-parts.exercise.n.md
Foundations of Integral Calculus
1Introduction
This lecture explains how a definite integral is defined as an accumulation of local contributions and how an indefinite integral describes the family of antiderivatives. It also introduces the fundamental theorem of calculus as the connection between these two concepts.
2Learning Sequence
- Define the definite integral through Riemann sums.
- Interpret a definite integral as signed area and distinguish it from geometric area, which is always nonnegative.
- On an interval , distinguish one antiderivative from the indefinite integral obtained by adding an arbitrary constant to it.
- Use the fundamental theorem of calculus to connect accumulation with differentiation.
- Compute integrals through substitution and integration by parts.
3Roles of the Two Types of Integral
| Concept | Input | Output | Principal interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Definite integral | A function and an interval | A single number | Signed accumulation over an interval |
| Indefinite integral | A function on an interval | The family satisfying | All functions whose derivative is |
Definite and indefinite integrals use the same integral symbol, but they have different definitions and different kinds of output. Under suitable hypotheses, the fundamental theorem of calculus guarantees that a definite integral can be evaluated through an antiderivative.